Paver sealant is an important maintenance tool to keep paver patios, walkways, driveways and pool decks looking as beautiful as they day they were installed. About this item . BLOCK PAVING. 7 Best Block Paving Sealant Matt In the UK Last Updated - 29/10/2023 Our rankings are cleverly generated from the algorithmic analysis of thousands of customer reviews about products, brands, merchant’s customer. No Nonsense Path, Patio & Driveway Sealer 5Ltr (49885) No Nonsense Path, Patio & Driveway Sealer 5Ltr. You can check out our more detailed instructions below. 'How to' Correctly Apply Block Paving Sealer by Roller (Pt. Resiblock Superior is a solvented sealer used to bond jointing sand and seal the surface of block paving, whilst retaining its normal flexural properties. Best Acrylic Sealer: Foundation Armor Concrete Sealer. Sikaflex® Concrete Fix is a moisture-cured, 1-component, polyurethane-based, non-sag elastomeric sealant. One of the best wet look paver sealers we have found is Ultra Seal Classic Gloss Wet Look Paver Sealer. Give the tin a good shake. Pay $133. The Universeal range of paving sealers will take a minimum of 1 to 2 hours to dry, although we do recommend a longer period for best results. Not Sold in Stores. B-Creative. £24. These are just a few tips to keep in mind when sealing pavers with sand. The ULTIMATE paint solution for rejuvenating tired driveways, patios and floors! Costs less than £1 per m2 per coat! From £56. Only for use on concrete. 18+, T&C apply, Credit subject to status. Our rankings are cleverly generated from the algorithmic analysis of thousands of customer reviews about products, brands, merchant’s customer service levels, popularity trends, and more. Solvent Based Acrylic Block Paving Sealer in Silk finish. This helps lock the whole clay paver system together by solidifying the sand. 2. Always give great finish and easy to use. Armor AR350 Solvent-Based Acrylic Wet Look Concrete Sealer and Paver Sealer. 5 Best Engine Block Sealer For Cracked Block1. Now wet your pavers. Armor AR350 Concrete Sealer and Paver Sealer. When you apply the paver sealer, it displays non-yellowing color. 95 inc VAT. 5 & 25 litre) - High Quality, Durable Sealer, Sand Hardener & Weed Inhibitor Leaves a matt 'damp' looking finish; our best-selling Block Paving Sealer . 00 EXCLUDING VAT. hour on newly laid block paving, indicated that up to 65 % of the rainfall penetrated the joints of the pavement. 1. 78 Save 15%. Can be designed in a range of patterns. After the length of time determined by your test patch, remove the surface coating with a power washer or a stiff brush and running water. by about 50 %. Step 5. Everbuild 405 is one of the best-selling water based paving sealers you can buy. Block Paving Sealer - SILK (5 & 25 litre) - High Quality Durable Sealer,Sand Hardener & Weed InhibitorLeaves a long term colour enhancing 'satin. Conventional clear resins, only brighten faded backgrounds, Restore-A-Drive actually blends pigment back into the surface and is ideal for driveway restoration projects. Sweep. It seals and protects against dirt and chemicals and resists penetration of oils…. 28 / each. Fernox LS-X External Leak Sealer and Jointing Compound, YellowRead Review. €57. Order online at Screwfix. Ideal for use on vehicle and pedestrian areas, new and existing drives, forecourts, parking areas, walkways and paths. Park, Harry Weston Road, Coventry, CV3 2TT. Delivery Next day available. The Armor AR350 is a solvent-based acrylic sealer that’s breathable. Everbuild GEOFIX20B Geo-Fix Paving Mortar 20Kg - Buff Read Review. Resiblock Natural Stone Sealer Colour Enhancer, 5lt. Lime-Based Paving Sealers. Do not allow the product to dry out. This video is about How To Apply Resiblock Superior Sealant on a block paved driveway. This patio sealer from Sika has is a low odour water based acrylic coating which can be used to seal and protect patios, paths, natural stone, concrete and block paving from the effects of sunlight, water, oil, petrol and organic growth. 95 – £ 84. Our block paving sealers and manufactured to the highest ISO:9001 standards, ensuring a high-quality product, our driveway sealers come in varies resin types, such as waterbased acrylic, solvent-based acrylic and solvent-based polyurethane, all of which have benefits and are ideal for different use cases. Offers a matt low sheen finish on block paving. The most popular such patterns are 45° or 90° Herringbone patterns. The most commonly used block paving sealer is lime. Solvent-free, water-based sealer for porous blocks. Step 4. Remove as little sand as possible between the pavers when the cleaning takes place. 2 coats are recommended on a clean surface. Application Tools. K-Seal. This should be done as soon as the first coat has dried. 4 units per box. Compare. Everest Paints. If you've used half a tub for the first coat, use half a sachet for the second. Once cleaned, allow to dry for 1-2 days, so there is no moisture on your. We recommend using a polyurethane sealant for block paving. Keep reading to find out more. Bar's Leaks Block Seal Head Gasket Fix2. Leave the area to dry completely. Driveways. Moisture Cured Urethanes (aka SPPU's - Specialist Pre-Polymer Urethanes) The most commonly specified sealants in Britain and. 64. Once the surface is completely dry, Thompson’s One Coat Patio and Block Paving Seal can be applied using a brush or long pile roller. FREE delivery 31 Aug - 2 Sept. £7299 (£2. Two coat system - fast cure, area can be used fully within 24 hours. Wet LOOK 20ltr Driveway Sealer Sealant - Block PavingRead Review. Step 4. Hover Image to Zoom. Silk finish block paving sealer to create a slight sheen on block paved surfaces. Silk finish block paving sealer to create a slight sheen on block paved surfaces. Everbuild 405 Path and Patio Seal Paving Sealer - 25 Litre Read Review. 1)The professional approach to sealing monoblock, cobble and blockpaving using a roller kit. View Product. 95 inc. Product Code: 78. On cold & damp days, drying and re-coat times will take longer. Best Concrete Paint for Pools: Concrete Resurrection Cement Stain. It is always best to apply a second coat of sealant if possible. The best paver sealers help lock stones in place, limit erosion inside joints, repel stains, and keep the pavers looking their best. Rather than going with something that requires physical effort (like the above pump sprayers for paver sealer), we recommend a battery-powered pump sprayer. Application of Green Clean to keep paving weed free. Out of stock. FREE delivery Wed, Nov 22. You will now repeat the process but with 100 ml per metre squared, applying sealant to wet on wet within 15 minutes of the first coat being applied. Best Sealer Overall: TotalBoat Concrete Coating; Best Acrylic Sealer: Foundation Armor Concrete Sealer; Best Penetrating Sealer: Ghostshield Siloxa-Tek Concrete Sealer; Best Glossy Sealer: Black Diamond Stoneworks Stone Sealer; Best Sealer for Basements: RadonSeal Concrete Sealer There are 4 main types of sealants. Part of our landscaping range, Sika Block Paving Seal is a clear resin that impregnates, enhances and seals. This explains why some pavements will seem to remain damp-looking for longer than others: a simple variation in the nature of the aggregates used to create the concrete used to make the blocks. Geo-Fix Stone Protector - Invisible Sealer For Natural Stone And Paving, Clear, 1 Litre Read Review. This sealer penetrates deep into the concrete & clay pavers, walls, masonry and natural stones, thus reducing the oil and dirt penetration, as well as. Ronseal PBPSWL5L Patio & Block Paving Seal Wet Look 5 Litre. Correct cleaning block paving techniques. 4. 50+ bought in past month. This is best done by placing a drum on its side and rolling it around for a couple of minutes. Sealants, Adhesives & Tapes Wallpapering Tools & Accessories Wallpapering Tools & Accessories. The Smartseal Xtreme Drive Cleaner contains four powerful active ingredients which were formulated to inhibit further growth and exponential spread of green and organic growths,. Everbuild EVBRBT5L Resiblock All Purpose Paving Sealer 5 Litre (Trade) 7. By Anupam Sinha. Its penetration comes about by solvent evaporation, penetrating into the. All block paving sealer is manufactured to BS5750/ISO 9001 quality. Don't allow dirt and debris to build up on your block paving. RESIBLOCK BLOCK PAVING SEALER Author: SIKA LIMITED, Watchmead, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL7 1BQ, Tel: 01707 394444, Web: Twitter: @SikaLimited Subject: Product Data Sheet Keywords: RESIBLOCK BLOCK PAVING SEALER 021890100000000183 SUPERIOR SOLVENTED PAVING SEALER Created Date: 1/18/2023 1:53:42 PM YT25E Battery Sprayer. Model # BQ150074 SKU # 1001565929. 'How to' Correctly Apply Block Paving Sealer by Roller (Pt. Rollers. Sandstone Sealer is a high-performance stone sealer formulated especially for external natural sandstone surfaces. The best concrete sealer for a driveway, patio, pool deck or walkway is UV resistant, breathable, and slip resistant, even when wet. High elasticity – cures to a tough, durable, flexible consistency with. $ 158 62. Everbuild 405 Path & Patio Seal Path and Patio, Clear, 5 Litre Read Review. Best preventative option: No. Keep reading to find out more. Invisible sealer for natural finish & colour enhancing sealer for wet look. FREE next day delivery available, free collection in 1 minute. This type of sealant is designed to penetrate into the block paving, creating an impenetrable barrier that will help to prevent weeds from taking hold. Warning: do not use a polyurethane sealant. On textured block paving, make sure any puddles are spread into dry areas. • Resists oil and fuel stains• Drive on after 24 hours• For use on all block paving and flagstones• Exterior use onlyThompson's One Coat Patio & Block Paving Seal protects and seals patios from the weather in just one coat. 1. SIKA. Product overview. Only 1 left in stock. Meets ASTM C-920, Type S, Grade NS. Screwfix customers rate this product 4. . Clark-Drain T11G3 Manhole Cover. Seals cracks & holes in cast iron and aluminum engine blocks, head gaskets, freeze plugs, and copper, aluminum and bi-material radiators & heater cores. Contains effective biocide to resist moss and algal growth. They have been developed exclusively for use on concrete paving. Block Paving Sealer - MATT (5 & 25 litre) - High Quality, Durable Sealer, Sand Hardener & Weed Inhibitor Leaves a matt 'damp' looking finish; our best-selling Block Paving Sealer. The block paving sealant WET LOOK FINISH product is a water-based polymerised protective coating that creates a highly durable wet look sheen finish on all types of outdoor natural stone. Bond-It. Launched in the UK in 1993 Resiblock Superior Natural Matt is the original and the best block paving sealer and remains Europe’s No1 product, the only product in Europe to offer a NO OIL STAINS. This is usually within 4 hours but is dependent on the weather conditions. 25ltr - Sika Block Paving Seal is a clear resin that impregnates and seals block paving. It’s important that you remove all traces of weeds, lichen, algae stains and any other marks before you begin the project. Explore our range of jointing compounds to find the right product for strong, solid joints for domestic drives, paths and patios. 6. Resistant Type. Fast acting driveway cleaner for concrete. Clean joints thoroughly from weeds before installing Dansand to ensure best performance; High strength weed inhibiting paving joint filler that sets hard to stop weeds and insects but stays flexible to reduce cracks; Contains organic binders to set hard; Just brush into dry joints and spray with water; 20kg bag covers 5-10m²; Water permeableWet look Driveway sealer Drive sealant -block paving patio sealer (Resin) 20litr. Fabweld. £. Best for Decorative Surfaces: Black Diamond Stoneworks Wet Look Stone Sealer. When sealing clay pavers use a quality pump sprayer. (217) $19. Part 2: Best Driveway Block Paving – Our Top recommendation. 99 New. (355) Write a review. 2. Browse products by pack type or coverage to find the ideal. Firstly, if your block paving is under 6-months old, then no. Step 4: Keep the block paving clean. Everbuild Patio Wizard Moss, Mould and Algea Remover 5ltr Read Review. Seals, enhances and protects block paving from stains and improves resistance to water, dirt, oil and stains. 95 inc. Water-based Sealer. Check Price 11% OFF. Smartseal Block Paving Sealer: Available in Matt Or Silk Finish SmartSeal Block Paving Sealer has been developed to combat the constant problems of staining and weed growth and to enhance the colour and aesthetic appeal of new or mature block paving or flagstones. Undyed (concrete grey) paving stones and slabs: Apply 1-2 coats depending on the absorbency of the substrate and desired end result. To protect your investment and enhance the beauty of your stone, you need the best Indian sandstone sealer. 7. Step 1: Cleaning sand off block paving. Wet Look Natural Stone Sealer by Black Diamond. Best Waterproof Concrete Paint: Flex Seal Liquid Rubber Sealant Paint. co. Thompson’s Patio & Block Paving Seal offers advanced protection for paving. Suppliers and stockists of application tools for sealers and coatings for block paving,. com. Everbuild 405 Path and Patio Seal Paving Sealer - 25 Litre Read Review. Should you apply several coats, thinning for the first coat is recommended. No, Porcelain paving does not require any sealants as they are already pre-treated to resist stains and fading. Best Sealer Overall: TotalBoat Concrete Coating. 1) what to use - so few products out there and even fewer places to get them from. Hover Image to Zoom. Thompsons One Coat Patio & Block Paving Seal does exactly the same job as our standard Patio & Block Paving seal, but it gets the job done in one coat. On this page, diagrams will be. (0) $36 . 5. For 2 coats, a 20L drum offers coverage of 50m2. Best silky semi gloss sealer: Sika Patio Seal-Clear Paving Sealer or the Smartseal Block Paving Sealer – Silk. I'm completely stuck about. £ 44. PAVING, DRIVEWAY, ENTERTAINING AREA: What ever the requirement this sealer makes the surface able to withstand high traffic and high soiling loads. Apply a second coat of paving sealant. 40. Based on data gathered from users' purchase habits, this system will automatically rank things on a scale of 1 to 10. Related questions and FAQs. 7. Durable acrylic. Lasting up to 5 years, Resiblock Superior Gloss will protect, stabilise and enhance the look of your new and old concrete block paving driveways, paths and patios. This sealed surface will increase abrasion resistance and also protect the. Interlocking provides enhanced strength. Smartseal Block Paving Sealer (Silk) has been developed to enhance the colour and aesthetic appeal of new or mature block paving and to give longer lifespan and better overall protection. 1 Gal. Block paving cleaning prices including pressure washing,re-filling joints with block paving jointing sand and application of Resiblock Trade Sealer. Launched in the UK in 1993 the original and the best block paving sealer and remains Europe’s No1 product, the only product in Europe to offer a NO OIL STAINS GUARANTEE. Everbuild Patio Wizard Moss, Mould and Algea Remover 5ltr Read Review. roller kits and sealer sprayers. With cleaner products Armor AR350 is a solvent based wet look acrylic concrete sealer that can be used to seal interior and exterior concrete and pavers. This ensures that no areas of paving are missed. Buy On Amazon. Product code: 164255. Yes, you read. Below you can access. 4 units per box. The only permanent solution is to seal over the top of the paving. Product code: 164255. Adseal 5L Block Paving Imprinted Concrete Sealer Super. Original 5 gal. To let the patio sealer perform at its best, it needs to make good contact with the stone surface: Always sweep. Rinse the surface of the pavers with running water to remove the paint stripper. K-Seal. For existing block paved areas remove all traces of weeds, algae and lichens with Sika® Mould Buster. 3. SealThane has been proven to be the best paver sealer on the market. The Top 7 Best Paver Sealers for 2022 are: Dominator LG+ Paver Sealer. BEST OVERALL: Foundation Armor AR350 Wet Look Concrete Sealer; BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: MasonryDefender Concrete Driveway Sealer; BEST PENETRATING: Ghostshield Siloxa-Tek 8500 Concrete Sealer Best Block Paving Sealers For 2023 1. For use in driveways, carparks, patios, commercial and public areas. 4. Sealers fall into two different categories. 501 Universal PVA Bond - Multi purpose bonding agent, primer, sealer and admixture - 5 Litre - White Read Review. (23) $69. 4. Learn more. View all: No Nonsense Water Seal. Once the surface has been blow-cleaned, the sealing can begin, and the first thing to do is to ensure the unopened drums of sealant are thoroughly mixed prior to opening them. Don't buy a Block Paving Sealer in the US before reading our rankings | BestChoice. uk. Brush. Give the tin a good shake. Check Price 38% OFF. Some of the most common weed killers used for block paving include: Glyphosate (Roundup) 2,4D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ) Dicamba (Banvel) Clopyralid (Clopyralid) Glyphosate + 2,4D (Roundup+2,4-dich lorophenoxyacetic acid) Dicamba + clopyralid (Banvel+Clopyralid)Best Prices for Block Paving Sealer Across the US Online Stores Scanned Every Day! Easy to Use | Free | Trustworthy Recommendations | Find your deal now!. 6. 2. It costs a little bit more than the average, but you’ll receive several years of outstanding coverage that other paving sealers really can’t match. Block Paving Sealer - MATT (5 & 25 litre) - High Quality, Durable Sealer, Sand Hardener & Weed Inhibitor Leaves a matt 'damp' looking finish; our best-selling Block Paving Sealer From €57. Everbuild 405 Path & Patio Seal Path and Patio, Clear, 5 Litre Read Review. Best Glossy Sealer: Black Diamond Stoneworks Stone Sealer. Clean the paving and joints using a pressure washer and a wire brush to remove as much loose dirt, debris and weeds as possible. Flex Seal Liquid Clear, 16 oz. View all: No Nonsense Patio Cleaner. Lasting up to 5 years, Resiblock Superior Matt will protect, stabilise. Kiln Dry Sand / Jointing Sand is used for brushing in-between joints of all types of block paving, creating a close & tight bond, adding stability to the block paving. When the paving is dry to supply and brush in of new kiln dried sand to the joints. RESIBLOCK BLOCK PAVING SEALER Author: SIKA LIMITED, Watchmead, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL7 1BQ, Tel: 01707 394444, Web: Twitter: @SikaLimited Subject: Product Data Sheet Keywords: RESIBLOCK BLOCK PAVING SEALER 021890100000000183 SUPERIOR SOLVENTED PAVING SEALER Created. FREE next day delivery available, free collection in 1 minute. 95 In Stock View Product. Apply the paving sealant. SummitSeal - Block Paving Sealer - MATT - Highly Durable, Sand Hardener - Trade Grade. Solvent (petroleum) based for best adhesion. This is usually within 4 hours but is dependent on the weather conditions. 5036143000022. com We use cookies to enhance your experience with us. To be absolutely sure that you’ve selected the best product, you can use the Paving Types filter on the left or contact the Technical Team at Resiblock on 01268 273344 for. BEST EPOXY: TotalBoat TableTop 1-Gallon Epoxy Resin Kit. In addition to being the best paver sealer available, SealThane is also. 5. Clear, Transparent, Invisible Protection. 10. 2) do the sealers actually work - maintinance free drive for a few years etc. Find Thompsons Patio And Block Paving Seal - Wet Look Finish - 5L at Homebase. 69. FROM. 5234g. SX5000 WB DOT Approved Water Based Silane Siloxane Penetrating Concrete Sealer: 9. Best for Pools: DOMINATOR LG+ Wet Look Low Gloss Paver Sealer. Smartseal block paving sealers will give a highly protective surface seal against oil. 5. Using salt. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Red Devil Asphalt Crack Filler Cartridge. No loss of jointing sand. LastiSeal is a water-based, polyester-polymer and polyurethane sealer for brick, concrete, pavers, stones, mortar and other porous masonry. If the paving is damp the sand particles will stick to the sides of the paving. The best-rated product in Concrete Sealers is the 1 Gal. No costly repairs, individual bricks can be replaced. Sealers with an added colour dye can bring old and faded paving back to lifeSmartseal Block Paving Sealer - Matt Finish - Easy to Apply, Block Paving Sealant. Loctite PL 500 Landscape Block Adhesive is an exterior, heavy-duty, premium quality adhesive designed to meet any landscaping need. 1 paving sealer from Resiblock. METRONIC 8 inch Impulse Sealer Poly Bag Heat Sealer Sealing Machine Heat Seal Closer with Repair Kit: 9. Product code: 600359. Its manufacturing employs non-recycled resin and has UV treatment. Free Delivery. 66. For best results Pro Seal 770 should always be sealed over with ProSeal 896 or Pro Seal 898. 95 inc VAT. Examine the pavers for signs of the sealer. The UK's No. Pay $23. A Few of the Benefits of Sealing your Block Paving Include: All of our sealers and 100% UV resistant, stoping block fading over time. Choose options. A full pressure clean of the paved surface with water. Our solvent-based sealers act as a high performing jointing stabiliser, hardening the jointing sand and preventing weed formation. Avoid applying as thick layers as with paint. 25/Fl Oz) $37. #2. Permanent molecular seal that’s as strong as steel. On this page, diagrams will be. For all paving sealing, I have to recommend Resiblock’s leading wet look and matt look sealers as the best block paving sealant. 66. The stripper will emulsify the failed paver sealer, making. This premium acrylic resin has been formulated by our chemists, to provide a hard-wearing, satin finish that will seal and protect your driveway. PAVING, DRIVEWAY, ENTERTAINING AREA: What ever the requirement this sealer makes the surface able to withstand high traffic and high soiling loads. You may end up with puddles that you don't have just now. . The overwhelming majority of concrete block pavers made in Britain and Ireland not only. All sealers have anti-fungicidal properties, preventing the formation of moss. This usually takes a few days. 213 sold. For the best results, your paving joints must be full of dry sand before you apply the sealer. (625) Questions & Answers (194) +3. Bostik Resin for Blocks Wet Look is a polyurethane sealer and sand binder for use on unsealed concrete block paving. For best results, use on a dry day above 10C. This patio sealant is very easy to apply, it is self levelling and penetrates the substrate to protect against oil and water-based stains. Clear acrylic, water based sealer penetrates the surface providing long-lasting protection that reduces efflorescence, color fading and freeze/thaw effects. RESIBLOCK ‘22’ is a specialist pre-polymer urethane (SPPU) jointing sand stabiliser of exceptional effectiveness designed for heavy duty small element flexibly laid paving utilised worldwide at sites, varying from roads, driveways, car parks, aircraft aprons, distribution centres and port pavements. Currently in Stock. 10 Best block paving sealants in Australia . It is always best to apply a second coat of sealant if possible. com We use cookies to enhance your experience with us. BRICK / MASONRY Sealer- Highly Water Resistant, 'DRY' Finish, Impregnating & Breathable (Sample, 1, 5 & 25 L) 10yr ifespan, Approx coverage 4-5m² per litre Safe & Easy to Apply by Sprayer, Brush or Roller. Liquid Rubber Sealant Coating. Product code: 164255. £32. Clear, Waterproof Protection With a Gloss, Wet-Look - Gives Pavers a Slightly Darker, Enhanced Color ; Low Odor, Water-Based, VOC Compliant Acrylic Sealer - Easily Cleans Up with Soap & Water (an industrial orange hand cleaner such as Gojo, or similar can be used for easier cleanup)Cretesol supplies paving sealants, imported from the United Kingdom. B-Creative. Cheapest but will kill everything nearby. Low VOC. Always ensure you have a good foundation for your patio sealing project. Block Paving Sealer - SILK (Sample, 5 & 25 litre) - High Quality Durable Sealer,Sand Hardener & Weed Inhibitor. Sika Release 5L. Best for tackling green mould and algae: Patio Magic Concentrate | £20. Seals cracks & holes in cast iron and aluminum engine blocks, head gaskets, freeze plugs, and copper, aluminum and bi-material radiators & heater cores. £3228 (£6. One liberal coat will seal, protect and lock down your interlocking concrete paving stones. 2 coats are recommended so double that. This is a solvent-free acrylic based sealer that is used to protect patios and driveway paving. Easily compare & choose from the best Block Paving Sealant Gloss Finish for you. Ronseal is an environmentally friendly block paving sealer that uses natural, non-toxic ingredients to create a durable. A brief how to explaining the procedure of sealing Block paving with Adseal Protective coatings Everbuild WAT25 Water Seal 25L Read Review. #2. These coatings are, generally, removable. 98. 95 New. Adseal Compact Sprayer. Back in the 1980s, when Block Paving first really took off in Britain and Ireland, the choice of blocks was relatively simple, amounting to little more than opting for clay bricks (on the left in the photie opposite) or concrete blocks (on the right) and then picking from a handful of colour variations. Its manufacturing employs non-recycled resin and has UV treatment. Sealants: Block Paving & Patio Sealants – 5 Options; Volume: Varies from 5 Litre to 25 Litre:. 5m2 per litre. See Super Seal 30 Paver Sealer Review Here: Super Seal 30 Gloss. BC Brick carries waterbased and acrylic based. Everest Trade high-performance block paving sealer is a solvent-borne, premium polyurethane resin-based sealer and jointing sand stabiliser with exceptional effectiveness.